Islamic Symbols

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There are no official Islamic symbols, but several symbols or images have a special place in Islam.

Star and Crescent Symbol

The star and crescent is the best-known symbol used to represent Islam. It features prominently on the flags of many countries in the Islamic world, notably Turkey and Pakistan.

Surprisingly, the symbol is not Muslim in origin. Rather, it was a polytheistic icon adopted during the spread of Islam, and its use today is sometimes controversial in the Muslim world. The crescent and star are often said to be Islamic symbols, but historians say that they were the insignia of the Ottoman Empire, not of Islam as a whole.
It is important to keep in mind that Islam has few traditional symbols, and the crescent moon and star are not ones that are recognized by as traditional symbols by Muslims. The symbol is due to cultral diffusion and the spread of Islam to the Ottoman turks who ruled a large area and also put the crescent moon and star symbol on their flag. It has since become associated with Islam.

Islamic Color Symbolism

In early accounts of Muslim warfare, there are references to flags or battle standards of various colors: black, white, red, and greenish-black. Later Islamic dynasties adopted flags of different colors:

The Ummayads fought under white banners
The Abbasids chose black
The Fatimids used green
Various countries on the Persian Gulf have chosen red flags

These four colors (white, black, green and red) dominate the flags of Arab states.
The color green has a special place in Islam, and is often used to represent it among other world religions. One can often find it in mosques and other important places, as well as on the flag of Saudi Arabia. Some say green was Muhammad’s favorite color and that he wore a green cloak and turban, while others believe it symbolizes vegetation and life. Some say that after Muhammad, only the caliphs were allowed to wear green turbans. In the Qur'an (Surah 18:31), it is said that the inhabitants of paradise will wear green garments of fine silk. While the reference to the Qur'an is verifiable, it is not clear if other explanations are reliable or mere folklore.
Regardless of its origins, the color green has been firmly cemented in Islamic culture for centuries; for example, it is absent in many medieval European coats of arms, as during the Crusades, green was the color used by the Islamic soldiers. Additionally, in the palace of Topkapi in Istanbul, there is a room with relics of Muhammad. One of the relics, kept locked in a chest, is said to have been Muhammad's banner, under which he had went to battle. Some say that this banner is green with golden embroidery; others say that it is black.

"Allah" in Arabic

Other Islamic Symbols

Certain words in Arabic script or characters can be regarded as visually representing Islam, such as "Allah" at the top of this page, or the Shahada.

A Shi'ite symbol is the sword, which is identified with Iimam Ali, who they believe fought with this sword and his life for Islam.
The gardens of the Mughal Empire in India were symbols of paradise (Jannah).

Sources

Hujjat-ul-llahi-l-Balighah by Shah Wali Ullah Dehlvi
Wikipedia. 2006. Based on article text but with changes, licensed under GFDL.

Sawm: Fasting During Ramadan

Sawm (also siyam), fasting, commemorates the revelation of the Qur'an to humanity during Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic year. During Ramadan, all adult Muslims are required to abstain from food, drink and sexual intercourse during daylight hours. Exceptions are made for travelers, soldiers, menstruating women, and the ill, although such persons are expected to fast later when they become able. In addition to being a time of fasting, Ramadan is an opportunity for increased prayer and devotion. During the last 10 nights of Ramadan, some Muslims retreat to a mosque for even more intensive study and contemplation. One of these nights, usually the 27th of Ramadan, is the "Night of Power," the holiest day of the year.

In the year 2005 (1426 AH), Ramadan will take place from approximately October 1 to November 30. Observance begins and ends upon the first official sighting of the new moon, so overcast skies may delay or prolong the fast. The observance of Ramadan ends with Eid al-Fitr (Festival of the Breaking of the Fast), a major Islamic holiday. See Islamic Holidays for more on these and other holidays. References "Islam." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2005. Encyclopædia Britannica Premium Service . "Sawm." John Bowker, ed., Oxford Concise Dictionary of World Religions (Oxford UP, 2000), p. 518.